Civil Society Recommendations for the United Nations Secretary-General’s Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals
Principles to Ensure Energy Transition Minerals Advance Justice, Equity and Human Rights
Available in English, French, Spanish
“One principle shines from the heart of this initiative – and that principle is justice. Justice for the communities where critical minerals are found… Justice for developing countries in production and trade; and justice in the global energy revolution.”
António Guterres, United Nations Secretary General
Launch of the Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals, April 26, 2024
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Please fill in this form to publicly endorse the recommendations.
These recommendations have been jointly developed by the SIRGE Coalition, Earthworks, Climate Action Network, Natural Resource Governance Institute, Publish What You Pay, the EU Raw Materials Coalition and Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, incorporating feedback from over 40 organizations.
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Background
The world urgently needs a just and rapid phase out of fossil fuels and a transition to a 100% renewable, zero-carbon global energy system. There is no justification for delay.
The idea that we have to prioritize either fighting climate change or upholding human rights, however, is a false choice. Climate change commitments will only be realized when human rights, equity, and inclusion are at the heart of climate policies.
The launch of the UN Secretary-General’s Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals is an opportunity to develop global principles to ensure that supplying the minerals needed to phase out fossil fuels advances justice, equity, and human rights.
There is growing recognition that over-consumption of the world’s scarce resources has driven the intersecting planetary crisis we face – climate change, biodiversity loss and deep inequality. Delivering on climate commitments implies first and foremost a deep, rapid, and just reduction of energy consumption and materials and minerals demand in developed countries. Policies to curb high consumption in developed countries and advance prosperity in developing countries are critical to drive a just transition, but the rapid rollout of renewable energy technologies and transport electrification is still likely to increase demand for, and new extraction of, minerals.
The extraction of minerals has longstanding links to human rights abuses, environmental destruction, corruption, and violence against rights defenders and communities. Governments and companies too often pursue a growth-at-all-costs, extractivist model that worsens global inequalities while concentrating harm in frontline communities. Indigenous Peoples – whose lands hold half of the world’s transition minerals – are most at risk. Transition mineral value chains, from extraction to final products end-of-life processes, are also currently carbon intensive. Effective climate mitigation can only be achieved when we fundamentally change the way we use resources and transition to a truly circular and just economy beyond growth. It is the only way through which we can ensure future generations can enjoy their right to a stable climate and resource wealth.
To contribute to a just and equitable transition, those who extract and process minerals must respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, communities, and workers; protect water, biodiversity, and ecosystems across the world; and ensure producer countries and communities retain more of the value of resource development and see drastic increases in access to energy and fulfillment of all economic and social rights. The voices of communities impacted by extraction, Indigenous leaders, women, and those with limited access to energy should be at the heart of these policies, including about whether and on what terms extraction should proceed. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recognized that inclusive and human rights-based approaches lead to more effective climate action.
Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination, as enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), must be recognized and upheld in all aspects of mineral extraction and processing. This includes ensuring that self-determination is understood as a land, sovereignty and economic issue, allowing Indigenous Peoples to govern their lands, territories, and economic priorities and development. Self-determination is not merely a concept but a practical right that must be supported through concrete actions and robust enforcement.
Governments need to take action to design and enforce policies that prioritize justice, inequality reduction and participation and that are binding, since experience demonstrates that voluntary approaches remain largely inadequate.
To help guide the UN Secretary-General’s Panel, our organizations, which bring together more than 230 Indigenous Peoples groups, unions and labor activists, and climate, environmental justice, child rights and human rights organizations, have developed recommendations describing how a transformative approach to transition minerals can contribute to a more just global energy system.
Principles to Ensure Energy Transition Minerals Advance Justice, Equity and Human Rights
1. Reduce Demand Equitably
1.1: Governments, especially in developed countries, should reduce energy and material use, in alignment with limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2030, to reduce overconsumption of transition minerals and enable equitable, efficient, and sufficient energy for all. They should ensure the overuse of energy does not come at the expense of a continued lack of access to energy in developing countries. Governments should support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of affordable, reliable and sustainable and modern energy for all. When measuring GHG emissions to inform decision-making, governments should ensure the whole lifecycle of goods consumed in their countries is taken into account, and not only their end uses.
1.2: Governments, especially in developed countries, should reduce mineral demand from the transportation sector through policies enabling systemic shifts towards deployment of electrified public transit and removal of barriers to access public transit; investments in urban planning processes that involve communities and that support walking, bicycling, and ride sharing; and smaller private vehicle and battery size.
1.3: Governments should promote and ensure effective implementation, including through regulation, of responsible use practices such as: increased circularity by redesigning systems and products to increase their lifecycle and enable the highest and best use of materials; requiring modularity, standardization, and ease of disassembly; promoting robust access to information for repairability, reuse, repurposing; and requiring appropriate recycling. Governments in developed countries should ensure their policies do not lead to industrial waste from processing facilities and technology rendered outdated being discarded uncontrollably in developing countries.
2. Protect People and the Planet
2.1: Governments and companies should protect and respect Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination and to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent prior to and during minerals licensing, extraction and processing, in full alignment with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and International Labour Organization Convention 169 (Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention).
2.2: Governments should develop a robust framework to identify, evaluate, prevent and, or mitigate specific impacts on Indigenous Peoples’ territories if and where such extracting and processing projects take place and ensure Indigenous Peoples have access to this information before mining takes place. Financial institutions should adopt policies to scope for and report on the Indigenous Rights Risk of the companies they finance and in their own investments.
2.3: Governments and companies should ensure all communities and rightsholders enjoy the right to access relevant information and to participate in decisions affecting them in a safe, culturally and age appropriate and inclusive manner ensuring diverse and gender-balanced representation, through the full life cycle of projects, including in decisions on licensing and permitting new mining and processing operations, emergency response and preparedness, decommissioning, closure, and repurposing of existing sites. Governments should also ensure all citizens’ right to participate in policy making in the transition mineral sector.
2.4: Governments should negotiate, ratify and enforce binding treaties and national laws and regulations obliging companies to respect human rights, Indigenous Peoples’ rights and labor rights across their whole value chain through the conduct of human rights and environmental due diligence and meaningful access to remedy for affected rightsholders.
2.5: Governments and companies should ensure that Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and workers in the formal and informal sectors have access to timely remedies and legal assistance where they are harmed by minerals extraction or processing, both through effective transparent state-based non-judicial and judicial processes and company grievance mechanisms, including through cross border cooperation when remedies in the host state are not accessible or ineffective.
2.6: Governments should ensure that companies extracting and processing minerals uphold the strongest international human rights, Indigenous Peoples’ rights, environmental and governance standards in their own operations and those of their affiliated companies, including through rigorous environmental, social and human rights impact assessments, based on best available technology and practice, human rights and environmental due diligence, and risk-based anti-corruption integrity measures.
2.7: Governments and companies should promote and advance gender equality in the mining sector, including promoting women’s participation in decision-making processes, addressing gender-based violence, and ensuring equitable access to benefits and resources.
2.8: Governments and companies should prohibit and avoid any mineral exploration or development in protected conservation areas and other locations of high biodiversity, conservation, and cultural heritage values, as well as high-value carbon sinks, and apply the precautionary principle to support effective environmental protection measures.
2.9: Governments and companies should minimize and be transparent about GHG emissions from minerals extraction and processing, including by rapidly eliminating the use of fossil fuels for energy, ensuring zero deforestation, and favoring extraction and processing methods with the lowest emissions intensity.
2.10: Government and companies should end criminalization of environmental and human rights defenders and recognize and commit to protecting their rights and legitimacy by adopting and disclosing relevant policies to protect them from attacks, assassination, extrajudicial killings, violence, harassment, including through the form of strategic litigation against public participation (SLAPP), and repression, and provide effective reparation. Government and companies should protect and respect civic space and media freedom.
3. Support Equitable Development and Tax Policies
3.1: Governments of developed countries and international financial institutions should provide developing countries that produce transition minerals with adequate financing, in the form of grants, technical assistance and technology transfers necessary to responsibly maximize the value they capture from mineral extraction and processing and promote domestic production and use of renewable energy technologies.
3.2: Governments should enact, and international financial institutions promote, fiscal regimes and fiscal administration reforms that balance reliability and flexibility, and minimize tax avoidance risks, including by requiring the use of transparent pricing mechanisms such as benchmark prices where feasible, avoiding tax holidays and withholding tax relief, and limiting the scope and duration of stability clauses.
3.3: Governments, especially in producer countries, should ensure that the tax revenue generated by minerals extraction, processing, and transformation promotes sustainable and equitable development and generates tangible benefits for all citizens, and particularly Indigenous Peoples, local communities affected by mining, youth and children and women.
3.4 Governments should support an ambitious United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation global tax reform process to avoid tax evasion, abusive transfer pricing and other forms of tax avoidance in international operations, such as double tax agreements, and which improves information sharing across borders.
3.5: Governments should enact regulations and incentives which favor business models that deliver shared prosperity, throughout generations, through participatory governance, such as community full or co-ownership or co-management, supported by just fiscal terms, offering seats at the table for those affected by mining projects, including women, gender diverse and Indigenous Peoples, and artisanal and small-scale miners.
3.6: Governments should enact policies that promote the inclusion of local content requirements in mineral extraction projects, ensuring that local communities benefit from employment opportunities, skills development, and business opportunities related to the mining sector. Local content policies should be implemented in a way that ensures benefits are equitably distributed and free from corruption.
3.7: Governments should, through robust access to information legislation and policies, ensure transparency over revenue generated by minerals extraction, processing, and trading, including by requiring governments and companies to disclose licenses, contracts, partnership agreements, trade and investment agreements, beneficial ownership information, production, sales and processing volumes, costs, cost auditing information, project-level payments-to-governments, project economics and country-by-country tax reporting.
3.8: Governments and companies should establish risk-based policies that pursue zero tolerance for corruption in mining and mineral processing and trading, including in the award of licenses, permits and approvals, procurement and supplier contracts, commodity sales and trading, and governments should enhance institutional capacities to investigate and prosecute individuals and companies implicated in corruption.
4. Promote Equitable International Trade and Investment
4.1: Governments should reform international investment and trade frameworks to encourage a race to the top in governance, social, and environmental standards and allow countries to add value to minerals extracted from their territory. Resource-rich countries should have the ability to manage their mineral exports in alignment with their national development strategies and to experiment with the different policy tools at their disposal in a transparent, responsible, inclusive, and democratically accountable manner.
4.2: Governments should withdraw from or terminate existing agreements that provide for investor-state dispute settlements (ISDS), remove ISDS-related clauses from existing agreements, and find mutually beneficial agreements that do not threaten the sovereignty of countries and their ability to strengthen domestic legal systems and human rights and environmental policies, while ensuring disputes can be resolved in a transparent and stable manner.
4.3: Governments should cancel and restructure debt for low and middle-income countries, as needed, to remove the debt-traps which prevent minerals contributing to producer countries’ sustainable development and create more fiscal space to support domestic industrialization and economic diversification. Governments should heavily scrutinize any minerals barter agreements, resource-backed loans, and other minerals agreements with a view towards ensuring public and local benefits.
5. Ensure Strong United Nations Action on Transition Minerals
5.1: Governments should build on multilaterally and equitably agreed voluntary standards and principles, including those to be issued by the United Nations Secretary-General Panel, through binding treaties and national laws and regulations that require governments and companies to respect human rights, Indigenous Peoples’ rights, protect the environment, and adhere to good governance best practices, with the view that only binding frameworks can lead to change.
5.2: The United Nations Secretary-General should establish a United Nations mechanism, based on an inclusive and participatory approach that ensures access for affected local communities and Indigenous Peoples, tasked with monitoring, investigating, and addressing complaints on human rights, Indigenous Peoples’ rights, environment, or governance related to the extraction and processing of minerals.
5.3: The United Nations Secretary-General should task and resource a multistakeholder working group, including direct participation of Indigenous Peoples, labor unions, local communities hosting transition minerals mining, women, and civil society groups, to oversee an implementation plan to follow up on the recommendations of the Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals, including through an annual meeting to track progress on implementation.
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Signatory organisations:
11.11.11 | Belgium |
AbibiNsroma Foundation | Ghana |
Aboveskye | Nigeria |
ActionAid International | International |
ACTIONS FOR DEMOCRACY AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE (ADLG) | Tanzania |
ADII | Cameroun |
Advocates for Health and Development Initiative | Nigeria |
African Centre for Leadership, Strategy & Development (Centre LSD) | Nigeria |
African Coalition on Green Growth(ACGG) | Africa |
African Women’s Development and Communication Network FEMNET | Africa region |
AIDA | Ecuador |
Aide, Assistance et Développement Communautaire de Côte d’Ivoire (ADC-CI) | Côte d’Ivoire |
Akina Mama wa Afrika | Uganda |
Albanian Center for Development and Integration | Albania |
Aminci Centre for Social Advocacy and Development initiative CSA | Nigeria |
Amnesty International | UK |
Anti corruption revolution | Nigeria |
ASADHO | DR Congo |
Association Guinéenne pour la Transparence | Guinée |
Aube Nouvelle pour la Femme et le Développement ANFD non-profit NGO | DR Congo |
Bantay Kita – Publish What You Pay Philippines | Philippines |
Batani Foundation | Russia/USA |
DUKINGIRE ISI YACU (DIY) | Burundi |
Business and Human Rights Resource Centre | UK |
CAFAGB Cellule Associative des Femmes Actives pour la Gouvernance les Droits Humains et le Bien être | Cameroun |
Cafe Sitia limited | Uganda |
cambiaMO | changing MObility | Spain |
Center For Rural Economic Social Development CREESOD | Nigeria |
CAN Africa | Morocco |
Care for the elderly intellectuals PU | Azerbaijan |
CARE FOR THE PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED AND DESTITUTE FOUNDATION (CAPCADF) | Nigeria |
Caritas Europa | Belgium |
Center for Environment Peace and Youth Development (CEPYOD) | Nigeria |
Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) | United States |
Center for Peace Education and Community Development | Nigeria |
Center For Rural Economic &Social Development ( CREESOD) | Nigeria |
Center for Transnational Environmental Accountability | USA |
Centre for Human Rights and Climate Change Research | Nigeria |
Centre for Human Rights and Development | Mongolia |
Centre for Sustainability PH | Philippines |
Centre for Transparency Advocacy | Nigeria |
Christian Aid | United Kingdom |
Christian Foundation for Social Justice and Equity (CFSJE) | Nigeria |
Community Development Initiative | Nigeria |
Citizens Centre for Integrated Development and Social Rights | Nigeria |
Civil expertise | Kazakhstan |
Climate Action Network – International (CAN-I) | International |
Climate Action Network (CAN) Zambia | Zambia |
Climate Action Network Canada | Canada |
Climate Action Network Southeast Asia (CANSEA) | Malaysia |
Climate Generation | United States |
Climate Justice Programme | Australia |
Climate Rights International | United States |
Comissão de Atingidos por Barragem de Vila Regência e Entre Rios. | Brasil |
Community Development Initiative | Nigeria |
Community information and advocacy initiatives | Nigeria |
Community Outreach for Development and Welfare Advocacy (CODWA) | Nigeria |
Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul | USA |
Courageous people health and development initiative | Nigeria |
Fair Habitat Foundation’ | Nigeria |
Cultural Survival Inc. | United States of America |
Democracy Monitor Public Union | Azerbaijan |
Development Watch Network | Nigeria |
Disability Not A Barrier Initiative | Nigeria |
DISABILITY PEOLES FORUM UGANDA | Uganda |
Divine Era Development and Social Rights Initiative (DEDASRI) | Nigeria |
DiXi Group | Ukraine |
Earthworks | United States |
Echo Public Association | Kazakhstan |
ECOS | Belgium |
Edmund Rice International | USA |
Endorois Indigenous Women Empowerment Network (EIWEN) | Kenya |
Enemas Resources Foundation | Nigeria |
Equal Right | UK |
Equality Bahamas | The Bahamas |
European environmental bureau | Belgium |
Fair Finance International | Netherlands |
Fair Habitat Foundation’ | Nigeria |
Fast For the Climate | Canada |
Femmes Bladi pour le développement et le Tourisme | Morocco |
First Food For Family Initiative (FIFFA) | Nigeria |
Foundation For Environmental Rights,Advocacy & Development (FENRAD | Nigeria |
Friends of the Earth Europe | Belgium |
FTAO | Belgium |
Fundación Foro Nacional por Colombia, Capítulo Foro Región Central | Colombia |
Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (FARN) | Argentina |
Fundación Terram | Chile |
GAIA | United States |
GDMR- Grupo Para o Desenvolvimento da Mulher e Rapariga | Mozambique |
GDTPWYP-MOROCCO | Morocco |
Gen-Z Movement Support Team | Myanmar |
Gender inclusive and development advocacy | Nigeria |
Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights | México |
Global Justice Now | United Kingdom |
Global Media Foundation | Ghana |
Global Organization For Youth Enlightment And Development | Nigeria |
Global Witness | Belgium |
Goa Foundation | India |
Governance and Economic Policy Center | Tanzania/ Kenya |
Governance Links | Tanzania |
Grandmothers Advocacy Network | Canada |
Green Concern for Development (GREENCODE) | Nigeria |
Neighbourhood Environment Watch ( NEW) Foundation | Nigeria |
Greenpeace | Global |
Neighbourhood Environment Watch Foundation. | Nigeria |
Human Power Organisation | Malawi |
Human Power Organisation | Malawi |
Groupe d’Action Francophone pour l’Environnement | Haïti |
Groupe de Recherche et d’Action pour le Développement Minier Résponsable | Sénégal |
Groupe de Réflexion et d’Initiative pour l’Avancement de la Grand’Anse (GRIAG) | Haiti |
Grp Agir pour Garantir la GouvernanceEconomique etSociale | |
Hawkmoth | The Netherlands |
Heinrich-Böll Foundation | Germany |
Human Power Organisation | Malawi |
Oxfam | United States |
Human Rights and Grassroots Development Society | Nigeria |
Igbehinadun Agroforestry (I.A) | Nigeria |
IMPACT | Canada |
Initiative for Collective Development Efforts | Nigeria |
Institute Internationa of Education of Brazil | Brasil |
Instituto Escolhas | Brasil |
Jamaa Resource Initiatives, Kenya | Kenya |
Jeunes Volontaires pour l’Environnement | Togo |
JOURNALISTS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS | North Macedonia |
Kiferu youth and community development initiative Bauchi state of Nigeria | Nigeria |
Knowledge and Community Development Awareness Initiative (KCOMAI) | Nigeria |
Kogi Research Support | Nigeria |
KORAMA COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT | Nigerian |
Koyenum Immalah Foundation KIF | Nigeria |
Les enjeux de l’insecticide sur la biodiversité | Canada |
London Mining Network | United Kingdom |
MAKERERE WATER PROJECT | Uganda |
Malach Consulting | USA |
Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers | USA |
Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais | Brasil |
MenaFem Movement for Economic Development and Ecological Justice | Morocco |
Mercy International Association – Global Action | United States |
Millennium Development Centre Gusau | Nigeria |
Mineral Inheritors Rights Association | India |
MiningWatch Canada | Canada |
Motherhen Development Foundation | Nigeria |
Natural Justice | South Africa |
Natural Resource Governance Institute | Nigeria |
Neighbourhood Environment Watch Foundation | Nigeria |
NGO Consortium for promotion of EITI in Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan |
Niger Delta Study Group on Extractive Sector | Nigeria |
Nigeria environmental (society Kano chapter)r | Nigeria |
Northern Confluence Initiative | Canada |
Nyika Institute and Chair PWYP Malawi | Malawi |
Observatoire d’etudes et d’appui a la responsabilite sociale et environnementale ( OEARSE ) | DR Congo |
Transparency And Economic Development Initiatives | Nigeria |
Observatório do Clima | Brazil |
ODRI – Office against discrimination, racism and intolerance | Germany |
Oearse | Republique democratique du congo |
Organisation Tchadienne Anti-corruption (OTAC) | Tchad |
Oxfam DRC | RD Congo |
Oxfam | United States |
Oxfam Senegal | Senegal |
Paradigm Leadership Support Initiative | Nigeria |
Passionists International | United States |
PCQVP Melaky | Madagascar |
Population Council | India |
PowerShift | Germany |
Public Administration New Initiative NGO | Mongolia |
Public Citizen | USA |
Public Foundation Nash Vek | Kyrgyzstan |
Public Service of Ukraine, Poltava Branch. | Ukraine |
Publish What You Pay Nigeria | Nigeria |
Publish What You Pay Australia | Australia |
Publish What You Pay Indonesia | Indonesia |
Publish What You Pay International | Global |
Publish What You Pay Madagascar | Madagascar |
Publish What You Pay Uganda | Uganda |
Québec Meilleure mine | Canada |
Rainforest Foundation Norway | Norway |
Razom we stand | Ukraine |
Reacción Climática | Bolivia |
Recourse | International |
Rede Vozes Negras pelo Clima | Brasil |
Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary NGO | USA |
Southern Africa Region Climate Action Network (SARCAN) | Southern Africa Region |
Réseau de Lutte contre la Faim (RELUFA) | Cameroun |
Resource Matters | Belgium and DRC |
Rights and Accountability in Development (RAID) | UK |
ROTAB Niger | Niger |
Rural Initiative for Change | Nigeria |
Sahar Initiative for Sustainable Development and Support, Bauchi State | Nigeria |
Satya Bumi | Indonesia |
Servicios Ecumenicos para Reconciliacion Reconstruccion – SERR Reconstruccion | United States |
SETEM Catalunya | Spain |
Sinatsisa Lubombo Women and girls Empowerment organization | Eswatini |
SIRGE Coalition | Belgium |
Sociedad Amigos del Viento | Uruguay |
Society for International Development (I’m signing on an individual capacity) | Philippines |
Society for Threatened Peoples | Switzerland |
SOMO | |
Southern Africa Region Climate Action Network (SARCAN) | Zimbabwe |
Stand up for your environment foundation | Nigeria |
STOP-SAHEL | Mali |
Sukaar Welfare Organization | Pakistan |
Tea Longo Ho Soa | Madagascar |
Temple of Understanding | USA |
THE CENTER OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW & HUMAN RIGHTS | Yemen |
The Future We Need | India |
The Integrated Social Development Centre | Ghana |
The NGO of “To healthy life” | Azerbaijann |
The Trust and support foundation | Nigeria |
Transparency And Economic Development Initiatives | Nigeria |
Transparency International Australia | Australia |
Transparency International Madagascar | Madagascar |
Trócaire | Ireland |
Uma Gota no Oceano | Brazil |
Union of Concerned Scientists | USA |
United action for democracy (UAD) | Nigeria |
Universidad Externado de Colombia | Colombia |
Village Farmers Initiative (VFI) | Nigeria |
Viração Educomunicação | Brazil |
VIVAT International | United States |
VWA FANM AYISYÈN (VFA) | Haiti |
WECF International | Germany |
Women, Infants and Children Care Initiative | Nigeria |
Women’s Earth and Climate Action Network (WECAN) | USA |
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom | Germany |
Women’s Organisation for Dev and Empowerment of Communities | Nigeria |
World Christian Life Community | USA |
Yobe Voice and Accountability Mechanism | Nigeria |
“Young Leaders” Education-Training and Development Publc Union | Azerbaijan |
Youth and Women for Change in Eswatini | Eswatini |
ZABIYA RUTH FOUNDATION | Nigeria |
Zukunftsrat Hamburg | Germany |
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